What is the primary role of tRNA?

• A. Transfers amino acid from cytoplasmic pool to the growing polypeptide chain
• B. Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
• C. Catalyzes peptide bond formation
• D. Stabilizes the ribosome during translation

Answer: (A)

tRNA serves as the adaptor that delivers a specific amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA is charged with its amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and its anticodon recognizes the corresponding codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. The actual peptide bonds are formed by the ribosome's catalytic activity, not by tRNA itself. So the primary role of tRNA is to transfer amino acids from the cytoplasmic pool to the growing chain. The other statements describe mRNA’s role (carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome) and the ribosome’s catalytic and structural functions, which are not the function of tRNA.